Understanding Auto Insurance Premiums: How Are They Calculated?

Auto Insurance

How Are My Auto Insurance Premiums Calculated?

 Auto insurance is essential for protecting your vehicle and finances against accidents, theft, and unexpected damage. But many drivers wonder what goes into determining their premium costs. We believe in helping our clients understand the factors that influence their rates, empowering you to make informed choices about your coverage. From driving history to location, various elements play a role in calculating premiums. Let’s break down these factors, explore how they interact, and share tips for potentially lowering your auto insurance costs.

  What is an Auto Insurance Premium?

 An auto insurance premium is the amount of money you pay to an insurance company for coverage over a specific period, usually six months to a year. This premium is influenced by various factors, including your driving history, the type of vehicle you own, your location, and even your credit score.

 When you purchase a policy, you can choose different levels of coverage that will affect your premium. Higher coverage limits and lower deductibles typically lead to higher premiums, while lower coverage limits and higher deductibles can reduce your costs.

  Factors That Affect Your Auto Insurance Premium

 Understanding the factors that influence your auto insurance premium can help you make better choices regarding your coverage. Here are the primary factors that insurance companies consider when calculating your premium:

  1. Driving History

 Your driving history is one of the most critical factors in determining your auto insurance premium. Insurance companies view your past driving behavior as an indicator of future risk. Having a history of accidents, especially those were you were at fault can affect your premium. Also, traffic violations on your record and a multiple claims in a short period, may cause you to be viewed as a higher risk.

   2. Location

Where you live plays a big role in your auto insurance premium. Insurers consider factors like crime rates, population density, and accident stats to assess risk. Key location-based factors include:

  • Urban vs. Rural: Urban areas often mean higher premiums due to more traffic, accidents, and theft risk. Rural areas generally see lower rates with less traffic.
  • Crime Rates: High rates of vehicle theft or vandalism in an area can drive premiums up.
  • Weather: Living in regions with severe weather, like hurricanes or snowstorms, may result in higher premiums due to potential vehicle damage.

  3. Vehicle Type

 The type of vehicle you drive plays a significant role in determining your auto insurance premium. Insurance companies evaluate vehicles based on several factors such as the make and model, repair costs, and safety features.

  4. Age and Gender

 Age and gender can also affect your auto insurance premium. Insurance companies analyze statistical data to determine risk levels among different demographics.

   5. Credit Score

Many insurers consider credit scores when setting premiums, as higher scores often indicate lower risk. Here’s how it works:

  • Credit-Based Insurance Score: Insurers may use a special score based on your credit history, including payment habits and debt levels.
  • Premium Impact: Lower scores can lead to higher premiums, while higher scores may earn discounts. Not all states permit this practice, so check local regulations.

 6. Coverage Levels and Deductibles

 The specific coverage options you choose for your auto insurance policy will directly impact your premium. Higher coverage limits generally lead to higher premiums. If you opt for lower limits to save on costs, be aware that this may leave you financially vulnerable in the event of a severe accident. A deductible is the amount you agree to pay out of pocket before your insurance coverage kicks in. Choosing a higher deductible can lower your premium, but it also means you’ll need to pay more out of pocket in the event of a claim.

  7. Discounts

 Insurance companies often offer a variety of discounts that can help lower your auto insurance premium. Understanding these discounts can lead to significant savings. Common discounts include safe driver discounts, multi-policy discounts, good student discounts, and low mileage discounts.

   8. Insurance Company Rating

 Different insurance companies have varying approaches to calculating premiums, influenced by their underwriting guidelines and risk assessment strategies. Some companies may provide more favorable rates based on their claims history and customer satisfaction ratings. Researching and comparing insurance providers can help you find the best deal. Companies with a reputation for faster and more effective claims processing may charge higher premiums due to increased demand for their services.

  How Premium Calculation Works

 Now that we’ve explored the various factors that influence auto insurance premiums let’s look at how these factors interact in the premium calculation process.

 1. Data Collection: Insurance companies gather data from various sources, including your application, driving records, and insurance history. They may also access third-party databases to gather information on claims and vehicle history.

 2. Risk Assessment: Insurers use sophisticated algorithms and statistical models to assess risk based on the collected data. They analyze how different factors correlate with accident rates, claims frequency, and overall risk.

 3. Premium Calculation: Using the risk assessment, insurers calculate a premium based on the likelihood of future claims. This calculation includes pricing for various coverage options and deductibles.

 4. Policy Issuance: Once the premium is determined, you will receive a quote outlining the coverage options, limits, and total premium. You can then choose to accept the quote and finalize your policy.

  Tips for Lowering Your Auto Insurance Premium

 Now that you understand how auto insurance premiums are calculated, here are some actionable tips to help you lower your costs:

 1. Shop Around: Don’t settle for the first quote you receive. Compare rates from multiple insurance providers to find the best deal for your coverage needs.

 2. Maintain a Clean Driving Record: Safe driving is one of the best ways to keep your premiums low. Avoid accidents and traffic violations to qualify for discounts.

 3. Choose Your Vehicle Wisely: If you’re in the market for a new car, consider the insurance implications. Research vehicle safety ratings and repair costs to choose a car that is less expensive to insure.

 4. Take Advantage of Discounts: Ask your insurance provider about available discounts and make sure to take advantage of them. This could include safe driver discounts, multi-policy discounts, or student discounts.

 5. Review Your Coverage Annually: Life changes, such as moving or getting married, can affect your insurance premium. Review your coverage annually and make adjustments as needed.

 6. Consider Higher Deductibles: If you can afford it, consider opting for a higher deductible to lower your premium. Just be sure you can cover the deductible in the event of a claim.

 7. Improve Your Credit Score: Work on improving your credit score if it’s currently low. Paying bills on time and reducing debt can positively impact your credit score and, consequently, your premium.

 8. Limit Your Mileage: If possible, limit your driving or consider carpooling to reduce wear and tear on your vehicle, which can lower your premium.

 Knowing what influences your auto insurance premiums—like driving history, location, vehicle type, and credit score—helps you make smarter choices. By understanding these factors and reducing risk where possible, you could lower your costs.

Auto insurance isn’t one-size-fits-all. Each driver needs tailored coverage for optimal protection and affordability. To get the best rates, keep a clean driving record, take advantage of discounts, and shop around.

Why an Independent Insurance Agent is Essential for Your Coverage Needs

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When it comes to securing the right insurance, the options can be overwhelming. From health to auto, home, and life insurance, choosing the right policy is crucial to protecting yourself and your assets. While there are many ways to purchase insurance — including through large national agencies or directly from an insurance company — there’s a compelling case for working with an independent insurance agent.

Here’s why an independent agent might be the best option for your insurance needs:

1. Personalized Service and Tailored Solutions

An independent insurance agent works for you, not the insurance company. They take the time to understand your unique needs, lifestyle, and financial situation. Rather than offering a one-size-fits-all approach, they can recommend policies that specifically match your requirements. This personalized attention is one of the key benefits of working with an independent agent.

Whether you’re looking for auto insurance, health coverage, or home insurance, an independent agent will help you navigate the complexities of various policies and ensure you’re not under- or over-insured.

2. Access to Multiple Insurance Carriers

Unlike agents who represent a single insurance company, independent agents work with multiple insurers. This means they have a wider variety of options at their disposal and can shop around on your behalf.

An independent agent can compare rates, coverage options, and benefits from different insurers, helping you find the best deal without having to spend hours researching different companies. This can also help you access more competitive pricing or find policies that may be more suitable for your specific situation.

3. Expertise and Guidance Through the Claims Process

One of the most stressful times in any policyholder’s life is when they need to file a claim. Whether it’s after a car accident, a home disaster, or an unexpected medical emergency, having an expert on your side makes a huge difference. Independent insurance agents are experienced in handling claims and can guide you through the process. They know the ins and outs of insurance policies and can often help you advocate for a fair settlement.

In situations where you may be facing complications with your claim, an independent agent can act as an intermediary to ensure that your claim is handled efficiently and that you receive the compensation you deserve.

4. Ongoing Support and Policy Management

Insurance needs don’t stay static. Life changes—whether through a new home purchase, a marriage, or the birth of a child—can affect your coverage. Independent agents offer continuous support, helping you update your policies as your life evolves.

Instead of having to remember to review your policies every year, your independent agent will be there to ensure your coverage keeps pace with your life’s changes, helping you avoid gaps in coverage and ensuring that your policies remain up to date.

5. A Focus on Long-Term Relationships

Independent insurance agents often prioritize long-term relationships over making quick sales. This means they are invested in ensuring your satisfaction and will be available to answer questions or provide advice whenever you need it. Unlike larger, more impersonal agencies or online providers, an independent agent’s reputation depends on their ability to build trust with clients.

Many people prefer the peace of mind that comes from knowing that someone familiar with their specific needs is there to provide ongoing guidance and support, year after year.

6. Unbiased Advice and Transparent Options

Since independent agents work with multiple insurance companies, they’re able to provide more objective advice compared to agents tied to a single carrier. They aren’t incentivized to push one specific product over another. Instead, their focus is on what’s best for you.

This unbiased approach can help you navigate the sometimes confusing world of insurance, making sure that you understand the pros and cons of each option and how they align with your needs and budget.

7. Cost-Effective Solutions Without Compromise

The value an independent insurance agent provides isn’t just in terms of service—it can also translate into cost savings. Because they have access to a wide range of providers, they can often help you find policies that offer better coverage at lower rates. Independent agents may even help you bundle policies (such as home and auto insurance) for additional discounts.

Furthermore, an independent agent may also be able to recommend ways to adjust your coverage to save money without sacrificing the protection you need.

Conclusion: Why Go Independent?

Choosing an independent insurance agent means having someone in your corner who understands the complexities of the insurance world and is dedicated to helping you make the right choices. With their ability to provide personalized service, access to a wide range of policies, and a focus on long-term relationships, independent agents are an invaluable resource for anyone looking to secure the best possible coverage.

Whether you’re new to insurance or simply looking for a better option, consider connecting with our agency and experiencing the difference firsthand. Our personalized service and commitment to finding the best solutions for your needs can make all the difference in your insurance experience. Give us a call at (910) 521-9090.

Reach Out to Your Insurance Company If You Make Any Changes or Updates to Your Home or Get Any Pets

Your home insurance policy is a vital safeguard for your property and possessions. However, to ensure that it adequately protects you and your assets, it’s crucial to maintain open communication with your insurance company. This means notifying us when you make any changes or updates to your home and informing them if you acquire any pets. Here’s why this is so important:

Home Modifications:

When you make improvements or modifications to your home, such as remodeling, adding an extension, or making significant upgrades, it can affect the value of your property. These changes may require adjustments to your insurance coverage to ensure that your policy reflects the new value and any potential risks associated with the modifications.

Additionally, certain home improvements, like installing a security system or updating your plumbing or electrical systems, can make your home safer and more secure. Informing your insurance company about such enhancements may qualify you for discounts or lower premiums.

Pet Ownership:

Pets are beloved members of many households, but they can also impact your home insurance coverage. Some insurance providers may inquire about pet ownership during the underwriting process, while others may not ask initially. However, it’s essential to notify your insurer if you acquire a pet, particularly if you get a dog.

Certain dog breeds are associated with a higher risk of liability claims due to potential incidents like bites or injuries to others. Your insurance provider may want to know the breed and temperament of your dog, and they may have specific guidelines or restrictions related to pet ownership.

Notifying your insurer about your pet ensures that you have appropriate liability coverage in case of any pet-related incidents. It’s also an opportunity to discuss potential discounts or endorsements related to pet liability coverage.

Transparency and Compliance:

Maintaining open communication with your insurance company is not only responsible but also ensures that you are in compliance with the terms of your policy. Failing to disclose home modifications or pet ownership could result in issues with claims processing if an incident were to occur. In some cases, non-disclosure of material changes or information could even lead to policy cancellations or non-renewals. Being transparent about changes in your home and pet ownership helps you remain in good standing with your insurance provider and ensures that you have the coverage you need when you need it most.

Fall Home Maintenance and Safety Checklist

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As the leaves change and temperatures cool, it’s essential to prepare your home for the cozy months ahead. Here’s a comprehensive checklist to ensure your home is safe, warm, and ready for fall.

Start with your heating system. Schedule a furnace inspection to ensure everything is functioning efficiently. Don’t forget to replace air filters to maintain good air quality and improve system performance. It’s also a good idea to test your thermostat to avoid any chilly surprises as the temperature drops. Next, tackle gutter cleaning. Remove leaves and debris to prevent clogs that can lead to water damage. Make sure downspouts direct water away from your foundation to avoid flooding or erosion.

Weatherproofing is another crucial step. Inspect your windows and doors for drafts, sealing any gaps with caulk or weather stripping. If you have air vents that you don’t use, consider covering them to help retain heat. Fire safety should be a priority, as well. Test your smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, replacing batteries if needed. Review your fire escape plan with everyone in your household to ensure they know the route and meeting point.

When it comes to outdoor preparations, trim trees and shrubs to prevent branches from breaking during storms. Store outdoor furniture to protect it from the elements and save space. Consider winterizing your lawn by fertilizing and reseeding for a healthier yard in spring. Check for leaks by inspecting your roof and gutters for any potential damage. Examine pipes and faucets, making sure to insulate any exposed pipes to prevent freezing.

If you have a chimney and fireplace, schedule a chimney sweep to remove soot and creosote, which can prevent fires. Make sure there are no obstructions that could affect airflow and safety. Don’t forget about security updates. Test your security systems to ensure alarms and cameras are functioning properly.

As the season changes, swap out summer decor for fall-themed items. Bring in warm colors and textures to create a cozy atmosphere. Also, check your outdoor lighting to ensure pathways and entrances are well-lit as the days grow shorter.

Completing this fall home maintenance and safety checklist will help you enjoy a cozy and worry-free season. Regular upkeep enhances safety and preserves your home’s value. Happy fall and stay safe!

When to Call the Police After an Auto Accident

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   Everyone should know what to do should they ever be involved in a car accident. Under certain circumstances, you are required by law to call the police and file a police report.

Having an officer at the scene of the accident will expedite the exchange of information between all parties involved. No matter who is at fault, in Massachusetts and New Hampshire you are required by law to call the police to the scene of an accident when the following occurs.

  • When there is personal injury: You should call the police immediately for medical assistance if anyone is injured at the scene of an auto accident. The dispatcher will also notify the police, and the officer at the scene of the accident will file the police report. (Be sure that you get a copy for your insurance claim.)
  • When damage exceeds $1,000: It doesn’t take much of an impact to create $1,000 worth of damage, especially if newer models are involved.

According to 911.gov if you’re not sure whether the situation is a true emergency, officials recommend calling 911 and letting the call-taker determine whether you need emergency help.

In Massachusetts a crash report must be filed with the Registrar when these circumstances occur within five (5) days unless you are physically incapable of doing so. A copy must also be sent to the police department with jurisdiction where the accident occurred. In New Hampshire a motor vehicle accident report must be reported to the Division of Motor Vehicles when these circumstances occur within fifteen (15) days. Both Massachusetts and New Hampshire have specific requirements around your legal responsibilities following an automobile accident. Massachusetts requirements are available on the dmv.org website while the New Hampshire requirements are outlined on nh.gov.

Has there been a motor vehicle violation?

If you feel that the other driver has committed a motor vehicle violation but doesn’t want you to call the police, ignore him or her and make the call. They might argue that if no one is hurt in the accident, all that’s needed is an exchange of insurance and personal information. Often times all parties at an accident scene appear to agree about the facts then later change their minds.

What about fender-bender accidents with no injuries?

The police department may decline to respond to a minor accident scene if no one is hurt. However, it’s still a good idea to make the call and let them decide.

Should the police choose not to come to the scene of your accident, and you feel rattled and unsure about how to proceed, at the very least you can ask the dispatcher for advice, if you need it. In this case, no police report will be filed unless you go to the nearest police station and file one yourself.

Reasons to file your own police report

Should the police decline to come to your minor auto accident, an official police document will be an asset for the following reasons:

  •  Delay in damages. Not all damage to the cars, or the people involved is apparent at the scene of an auto accident.
  •  Future liability. Even if you and the other driver (or passengers) appear to agree about what caused the accident, you can’t be sure that they will hold this same opinion later on. A police report is a powerful document should there be litigation.
  •  Facilitating a settlement. A police report may expedite the insurance claim process.

Be sure to notify your insurance agent immediately when you are involved at the scene of an auto accident.

Source: https://www.safetyinsurance.com/resource_center/personalauto/accidentscene.html

Understanding Umbrella Insurance: Protection Beyond the Norm

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In the world of insurance, certain policies provide more than just basic coverage. One such policy is umbrella insurance, which offers additional layers of protection for your assets and financial security.

Umbrella insurance serves as a supplementary liability policy that extends beyond the limits of your primary insurance policies, such as auto or homeowners insurance. It acts as a safety net, stepping in to cover costs when the liability claims against you exceed the limits of your existing insurance coverage.

Key Features and Benefits

Umbrella insurance provides extended liability coverage, filling gaps left by primary policies when their limits are reached. It covers a wide range of scenarios, including legal fees, judgments, and settlements for claims like bodily injury, property damage, landlord liability, and even libel or slander.

Despite its comprehensive coverage, umbrella insurance is typically affordable, offering substantial protection for a relatively low premium. This makes it a cost-effective way to enhance your overall insurance portfolio and protect your assets from being seized or liquidated in the event of a lawsuit.

Who Should Consider Umbrella Insurance?

Umbrella insurance is valuable for anyone looking to safeguard their assets and future earnings from unexpected liability claims. Whether you own property, engage in activities with potential risks, or simply want to feel secure, knowing you’re financially protected, umbrella insurance offers critical security.

It’s particularly beneficial for individuals with significant assets that could be targeted in a lawsuit, as well as those who participate in activities where accidents or incidents could lead to substantial liability claims.

In today’s litigious environment, having adequate liability protection is crucial. Umbrella insurance goes beyond standard coverage to provide robust financial security, ensuring you’re protected against unforeseen legal expenses and liability claims that exceed your primary insurance limits.

Whether you’re a homeowner, business owner, or someone looking to safeguard your financial future, umbrella insurance offers peace of mind and comprehensive coverage that extends beyond the ordinary. Consider discussing your insurance needs with a knowledgeable agent to determine if umbrella insurance is right for you.

Hiring the Right Roofing Contractor

Spring and summer seem to be the most popular seasons when people start making modifications to their homes. If you’re in the market for a new roof due to its age or because a recent weather event damaged it, you’ll want to make sure that the person you hire will get the job done correctly.

Roofing contractors will not only be more experienced but they will be licensed in the state you live as well as be insured and bonded.

What steps should you take before considering hiring a good contractor to work on your roof?

Get Recommendations

The search for a contractor should begin with getting recommendations – either from a family member or friend who has used one before or by doing your search online. By asking people you know, you can weed out the good from the bad by their positive or negative experiences. By searching online, you can read reviews to see how a contractor’s work has been rated. Another option is to visit your local lumberyard or talk to a building inspector to get their recommendations.

Also, don’t forget to check to see if a contractor is listed positively or negatively on the Better Business Bureau.

Conduct Phone Interviews

Once you have compiled a list of potential contractors for the work you need done to your roof, start calling contractors to check their references, and availability and ask if they can handle a project of your size. You should also check to see how many other projects they have going on during the timeframe you would need them for.

Meet Face-to-Face

Meeting face-to-face should be the next step in the process before picking your roofing contractor. The contractor should see the work they may be accepting and be able to offer you examples of their work.

Get Bids

After interviewing and meeting with potential contractors, you should get bids for the job and compare and contrast the prices. Keep in mind, the cheapest bid might not be the best route because that contractor might not be using the best materials so it’s best to ask all contractors where they would be getting their materials.

Put Everything in Writing

The last step before hiring a contractor is to get everything in writing. The contractor you ultimately choose should draw up a contract which should include detailing the work that will be done, the amount of the project, the expected start and completion dates, the materials and products that will be used, and proof of being insured and bonded in your state.

Remember, if you are making repairs to your roof because of storm damage, be sure to contact us and make a property claim first. Your adjuster will help you through the claims process and let you know what is and isn’t covered by your homeowner’s insurance policy.

Why You Need Condo Insurance

Are you contemplating buying a condominium but aren’t sure if you need condo insurance? While it’s not required by law in many states, most lenders or banks won’t give you a mortgage unless you provide proof you have insurance first. 

Besides, having condo insurance can help protect your personal belongings inside your home and provide personal liability protection should any accidents occur to people or property caused by you, a member of your family or your pets.

Doesn’t my condo association have insurance?


Your condo association most likely has their own coverage but their insurance probably covers the building(s) and commonly owned property. The association’s insurance would not cover incidents that happen inside your condo like water damage or a guest falling and getting hurt.

What does condo insurance cover?

With MAPFRE, the Unit-Owners policy generally covers fixtures, alterations, additions, structures owned by the insured; personal property; additional living and loss of rent. Every circumstance is unique, but these are generally what would be covered by your condo insurance policy.

What wouldn’t typically be covered by your condo insurance policy?

  • General wear and tear
  • Damage from lack of maintenance
  • Damage caused by remodeling your home
  • Flood damage and earthquake damage typically aren’t covered

How much condo insurance do I need and how much does it cost? 

We can help you decide what is specifically covered and what is not, therefore determining how much insurance you need. Those factors would help determine how much you pay for your policy in addition to things like geographic location, how old your property is and what the structure is made of and how much your deductible is. You may also need additional coverage for your more valuable personal possessions like jewelry as there are limits to what is covered under your standard condo insurance policy. You can always ask your Independent Agent about an endorsement for high value property.

If you live in Massachusetts, make sure you have the right coverage for your condo by getting a fast, free quote from us today.  Call us or contact us today. (910) 521-9090

Source:  https://www.mapfreinsurance.com/blog/why-you-need-condo-insurance/

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Your air conditioning (AC) system is a vital component of your home, especially during hot summer months. To ensure it operates efficiently and lasts longer, proper maintenance and safeguarding are essential. Here are some valuable tips to protect your AC:

Regular Cleaning:

  • Dust and debris can accumulate on your AC unit’s condenser coils, reducing its efficiency. Periodically clean the coils using a hose or a soft brush to remove dirt and debris.

Trim Vegetation:

  • Ensure that plants, bushes, or trees near your AC unit are trimmed and kept at a safe distance. Overgrown vegetation can obstruct airflow and reduce the unit’s efficiency.

Change Filters:

  • Replace or clean air filters regularly, ideally every 1-3 months. Dirty filters can restrict airflow, making your AC work harder and potentially leading to damage.

Check Insulation:

  • Ensure that your home is properly insulated. Well-insulated homes retain cool air better, reducing the workload on your AC.

Professional Maintenance:

  • Schedule annual professional maintenance for your AC system. Technicians can identify and address issues early, improving efficiency and preventing breakdowns.

Shade the Unit:

  • Providing shade for your outdoor AC unit can help it operate more efficiently. However, make sure not to obstruct airflow.

Programmable Thermostat:

  • Invest in a programmable thermostat to control your AC’s temperature settings efficiently. It can reduce the workload when you’re not at home.

Seal Leaks:

  • Seal any gaps or leaks in your home’s windows and doors to prevent cool air from escaping and warm air from entering.

Proper Ventilation:

  • Ensure that your home has proper ventilation to allow cool air to circulate efficiently. Ceiling fans and attic vents can help.

Use Ceiling Fans:

  • Ceiling fans can help distribute cool air more evenly, reducing the need for your AC to run constantly.

Protect from Weather:

  • In extreme weather conditions, cover your outdoor AC unit to protect it from heavy rain, snow, or ice. Just remember to remove the cover when the weather improves.

Mind the Thermostat:

  • Avoid setting your thermostat too low during hot weather. Each degree lower increases your energy consumption significantly.

Keep Registers Open:

  • Ensure that all HVAC registers in your home are open and unobstructed to allow for proper airflow.

Check Ductwork:

  • Periodically inspect your ductwork for leaks or damage. Seal any gaps to prevent cooled air from escaping.

By following these tips, you can maintain the efficiency and longevity of your air conditioning system while also improving your home’s overall comfort and energy efficiency. Properly caring for your AC not only saves you money on energy bills but also reduces the risk of costly repairs and premature replacement.

Smartphone apps drive gig workers, parents to distraction

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Gig-economy workers are 4 times as likely as other drivers to use smartphone apps regularly while driving, a new survey from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety shows.

“The explosion of smartphone features and services has not only created new forms of driver distraction, but also a new group of rideshare and delivery drivers whose jobs require them to interact with their phones while they’re on the road,” IIHS President David Harkey said.

Parents are also nearly 50 percent more prone to routinely making video calls, checking weather reports and other types of smartphone-enabled distractions than drivers without children 18 or younger, the survey found.

Statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration indicate that more than 3,000 people died in distraction-related crashes in 2020, accounting for 8 percent of all traffic-related fatalities. Because it’s difficult to determine if distraction contributed to a crash, that number is almost certainly an underestimate.

Anything that diverts the driver’s attention — eating, adjusting the radio, putting on makeup — can increase the risk of a crash. But tasks involving mobile phones and other electronic devices can be both more demanding and more tempting than other common distractions. The variety of smartphone applications has also exploded in recent years.

To begin exploring the impact of these newer applications, IIHS surveyed more than 2,000 drivers nationwide about what secondary tasks they perform while driving. Tasks were separated into ordinary activities and those that involved a mobile phone or another electronic device, and the device-based activities were further categorized into basic talking and texting and smartphone-based activities like programming a navigation app or checking a social media feed. For some device-based activities, drivers were also asked whether they performed the task using a hands-free feature.

Overall, nearly two-thirds of the participating drivers reported performing one or more distracting activities of any type most or every time they drove over the past 30 days. Half said they performed at least one device-based task during most drives. Common device-based activities included making phone calls, streaming music and reading texts, but the most common was programming a navigation app. Far fewer people reported playing games on a mobile device while driving, but 8 percent said they play games regularly while they’re behind the wheel.

For the most part, the drivers said they usually used the hands-free feature for device-based activities when the capability was available. About 8 out of 10 drivers who said they regularly programmed their navigation app and 7 out of 10 who said they regularly read and sent texts while driving reported that they used voice commands to do so.

“Hands-free operation is generally believed to be less dangerous, since drivers can more easily keep their eyes on the road,” said IIHS Research Associate Aimee Cox, the lead author of the study. “However, it doesn’t eliminate the distraction altogether.”

Previous research has shown, for instance, that hands-free systems that require drivers to perform some operations manually, such as scrolling through a contact list, are less safe than those that can be managed completely with voice commands. Hands-free capabilities are irrelevant or impractical for some smartphone-based activities, such as scrolling social media or playing games.

Not surprisingly, the survey showed that drivers between the ages of 18 and 34 were more likely to use smartphone apps while behind the wheel than drivers ages 35-49. Less predictably, however, it also showed that parents of children 18 and younger were 65 percent more likely than other drivers to perform non-device-based tasks, 31 percent more prone to any device-based distraction and 47 percent more likely to engage in smartphone-enabled secondary activities.

Gig-economy workers were more than twice as likely as other drivers to engage in any distracting activity and nearly 4 times as likely to regularly use smartphone apps while driving. The smartphone-based activities they performed also went well beyond communicating with customers and navigating to pickup and delivery locations using the app provided by their employer.

One possible reason could be that they’re more tempted to conduct other business or find ways to entertain themselves while driving because their jobs force them to spend so much time behind the wheel. In response, ridesharing and delivery companies should put in place or strengthen policies that mandate safe practices for necessary operations and restrict device-based behaviors that are not an essential part of the job.

“These results show that nobody is immune to distraction and suggest that hands-free capabilities may be making us a little too comfortable using our phones and other devices behind the wheel,” said Harkey.Source: https://www.iihs.org/news/detail/smartphone-apps-drive-gig-workers-parents-to-distraction